Inside TauTona and Mponeng: The Deepest Gold Mines on Earth
Why South African operators dig four kilometres down for an ounce, the engineering behind it, and what it means for global supply.
Why South African operators dig four kilometres down for an ounce, the engineering behind it, and what it means for global supply.
Norilsk Nickel produces roughly 40% of global palladium and meaningful platinum as a by-product. Sanctions risk has reshaped how the West thinks about PGM supply.
Sibanye started as a Gold Fields spinout and rebuilt itself into a top-three PGM producer in less than a decade. The portfolio is unique and the leverage is real.
Three companies in one country produce more than half the world's platinum. We map the Bushveld players, their shaft depths, and why load-shedding is now a market risk.
Junior silver miners can deliver 5-10x the move of physical silver during a bull. They can also go to zero. Here's how to think about the leverage without lying to yourself about the risk.
Recycled silver now contributes roughly 180 million ounces annually. We look at where it comes from, why it's structurally constrained, and what end-of-life solar means for the 2030s.
Over half of global silver output comes from three countries, each with very different geology, politics, and cost structures. The supply outlook hinges on what happens inside their borders.