PlatinumEvery PEM electrolyser and fuel cell on the planet uses platinum group metals. We size the demand opportunity and separate the hype from the engineering.
SilverEstimates of silver per electric vehicle range from 25 grams to over 50 grams. We pull apart where the metal actually sits, why ICE cars use less, and what that means at scale.
SilverPhotovoltaic silver consumption has tripled since 2015 and forecasts for 2030 keep climbing. We unpack TOPCon, HJT, and what thrifting really means for ounces per panel.